锰污染土壤根际微生物分离及耐Mn2+特性

为了研究锰污染土壤的生物修复,在湘潭锰矿不同植物根际土壤中分离得到7株真菌和8株细菌,依次命名为F1-7和B1-8。经耐锰性能测定,获得高耐锰性真菌3株,F3-5、细菌3株,B1、B2和B7。其中,F3耐锰浓度最高可达600mmol/L,细菌B7最高耐锰浓度为80 mmol/L。当Mn2+浓度小于300 mmol/L时,对3种真菌的生长均具有一定的促进作用,高于此浓度时,产生较大程度的抑制作用。在低Mn2+浓度(20~40 mmol/L)条件下,Mn2+对3种细菌的生长均表现出一定的促进作用,尤其是对B2作用明显。当Mn2+浓度逐渐增加到80 mmol/L时,抑制作用明显。在Mn2+浓度为300mmol/L时,F3对锰的吸附率约为60%,达到峰值。而在Mn2+浓度为60 mmol/L时,细菌B2对锰的吸附率约为70%,达最大值。     

Stabilization of heavy metals in MSWI fly ash using silica fume

The objective of this work was to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of silica fume on stabilizing heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash. In addition to compressive strength measurements, hydrated pastes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal-analyses (DTA/TG), and MAS NMR (²⁷Al and ²⁹Si) techniques. It was found that silica fume additions could effectively reduce the leaching of toxic heavy metals. At the addition of 20% silica fume, leaching concentrations for Cu, Pb and Zn of the hydrated paste cured for 7 days decreased from 0.32 mg/L to 0.05 mg/L, 40.99 mg/L to 4.40 mg/L, and 6.96 mg/L to 0.21 mg/L compared with the MSWI fly ash. After curing for 135 days, Cd and Pb in the leachates were not detected, while Cu and Zn concentrations decreased to 0.02 mg/L and 0.03 mg/L. The speciation of Pb and Cd by the modified version of the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) extractions showed that these metals converted into more stable state in hydrated pastes of MSWI fly ash in the presence of silica fume. Although exchangeable and weak-acid soluble fractions of Cu and Zn increased with hydration time, silica fume addition of 10% can satisfy the requirement of detoxification for heavy metals investigated in terms of the identification standard of hazardous waste of China.     

The influences of pH and ionic strength on the sorption of tylosin on goethite

As one of the widely used antibiotics in the world, the environmental risks of tylosin (TYL) received more and more attention. In order to assess its environmental fate and ecological effects accurately, it is necessary to understand the sorption properties of TYL on the soils/sediments. The sorption of TYL on goethite at different pH and ionic strength conditions were measured through a series of batch experiments and the sorption data of TYL were fitted by Freundlich and dual-mode sorption models. It was obvious that sorption was strongly dependent on pH and ionic strength. Sorption capacity of TYL increased as the pH increased and ionic strength decreased. The pH and ionic strength-dependent trends might be related with complexation between cationic/neutral TYL species and goethite. The sorption affinity of TYL on goethite decreased as ionic strength increased, which only occurred at higher TYL concentrations, suggested that inner complex might have dominated process at low concentrations and outer complex might occur at higher concentrations of TYL. Spectroscopic evidence indicated that tricarbonylamide and hydroxyl functional groups of TYL might be accounted for the sorption on mineral surfaces. The experimental data of TYL sorption could be fitted by surface complexation model (FITEQL), indicating that ≡FeOH with TYL interaction could be reasonably represented as a complex formation of a monoacid with discrete sites on goethite. The sorption mechanism of TYL might be related with surface complexation, electrostatic repulsion, and H-bounding on goethite. It should be noticed that the heterogeneous of sorption affinity of TYL on goethite at various environment to assess its environment risk.     

含氨氮催化剂生产废水的处理

采用加入淀粉的短程硝化-反硝化一体化技术处理低碳含NH3-N催化剂废水。通过中试确定了适宜的工艺参数，并在工业化装置上进行了验证。试验结果表明：在DO为0.5 mg/L左右、淀粉加入量为0.25 kg/ m3、HRT=30 h的条件下，短程硝化-反硝化一体化技术具有较好的处理效果，NH3-N去除率大于97%，且具有较强的抗冲击负荷的能力； 出水的COD<100 mg/L，ρ（NH3-N）<10 mg/L，达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》的一级排放标准。工业化装置的运行费用以NH3-N计为2.3 元/kg、以废水计为4.6 元/t。该法适用于中低浓度（ρ（NH3-N）<300 mg/L）废水的处理。     

DO浓度对间歇曝气单级自养脱氮系统N2O排放的影响

以单级自养脱氮系统为研究对象,采用有效容积为15 L的SBBR反应器,系统进水NH+4-N浓度约为360 mg/L,控制温度为(30±2)℃,采用间歇曝气方式运行,曝气段DO浓度从2.4~2.6 mg/L逐渐下降到0.9~1.1 mg/L,研究了单级自养脱氮系统的脱氮性能与N2O排放情况。结果表明,反应器曝气段DO浓度从2.4~2.6 mg/L下降到0.9~1.1mg/L,系统TN去除率均达到80%,但在相同运行时间内的TN去除率依次降低,NH+4-N平均反应速率从0.19 mg/(L·min)降低至0.05 mg/(L·min),NO-3-N累计产生量稳定于14.9~16.5 mg/L,NO-2-N浓度在反应器内未产生明显的积累。随着曝气段DO浓度的下降,最大N2O释放速率逐渐降低,N2O累计释放量从73.8 mg下降到61.0 mg,N2O转化率介于2.4%~2.9%。     

接种微生物与人粪便同步连续投加对好氧堆肥效果的影响简

利用新型梨形筒式好氧堆肥反应器，在通风量为3.0 L/min，搅拌频率为5 min/h的条件下，就不接种微生物、接种土著菌种、枯草芽孢杆菌与酵母菌时人粪便连续投加好氧堆肥效果进行了对比。堆制20 d即2个运行周期中各堆体的温度、含水率、COD、总氮、pH值与GI等的变化表明，接种微生物可以显著提高堆体的升温速率与堆体平均温度、COD降解率、GI（P<0.01），堆肥可迅速达到完全腐熟。接种土著菌种效果最为明显（P<0.01），其后相继为枯草芽孢杆菌与酵母菌。接种土著菌种可使堆体温度在50℃以上维持18 d，第8天COD降解率达到61.17%、总氮损失率为25.75%，第6天时GI达到108.22%。     

卷烟企业安全检查考核管理模式研究

安全检查考核是解决企业安全生产过程中存在的问题,有效预防安全事故发生的重要环节和有效手段。根据《国家烟草专卖局关于认真落实国务院办公厅进一步推进安全生产＂三项行动＂通知的通知》和《烟草行业安全生产工作要点》等一系列文件精神和要求,明确安全管理目标和任务指标,认真落实安全生产责任制,严格执行安全生产监管考核机制,结合滕州卷烟厂的实际情况,提出了卷烟企业安全检查考核管理模式。     

固态排渣煤粉炉NOx产生浓度影响因素偏相关分析

利用第一次全国污染源普查“火力发电行业产排污系数核算”工作中现场监测得到的数据，首次采用偏相关分析的方法，对固态排渣煤粉炉中机组规模、空气过剩系数、煤中挥发分和发电负荷率等因素对NOx产生浓度的影响进行定性分析，结论：NOx产生浓度与前三种因素存在显著的相关。而与发电负荷率的关系受锅炉是否采用低氮燃烧技术的影响。空气过剩系数越大，煤的挥发分越高，NOx产生浓度越低；采用低氮燃烧装置的锅炉中，机组规模越大，产生的NOx越少，且对于同一锅炉来说，NOx产生浓度随着发电负荷率的升高而增大；未采用燃烧控制的锅炉中，机组规模越大，NOx产生浓度越高，且与发电负荷率不相关。根据分析结果，提出了控制燃煤电厂固态排渣煤粉炉NOx排放的优化措施和建议。     

用电解锰阳极泥和含SO_2工业尾气制备硫酸锰

以电解锰阳极泥与电解锌生产中产生的含SO_2尾气为原料,经过反应、浸出、浸出液两次净化和浓缩结晶制备硫酸锰,考察了反应时间、含SO_2尾气的流量及反应温度对Mn~(4+)转化率的影响.实验结果表明:在反应时间45 min、反应温度20～30 ℃、含SO_2尾气流量16 L/min的条件下,Mn~(4+)转化率达90%以上;尾气中SO_2利用率随尾气流量增加而降低;所得MnSO_4·H_2O产品质量达到GB1622-86<工业级硫酸锰标准>.     

BP-4的模拟生物降解特性研究

为研究紫外吸收剂2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮-5-磺酸(BP-4)的最大生物降解能力,采用欧洲经济合作与发展组织(OECD)生物降解测试标准方法——303A模拟试验-污水好氧处理:活性污泥单元法,建立并进行了城市污水处理厂曝气池环境模拟试验。研究结果表明:在单一新鲜活性污泥作为接种物条件下,BP-4在第47天达到降解稳定期,溶解性有机碳(DOC)去除率平均值为36.90%±5.68%(n=18)。在以10种不同来源混合接种物条件下,BP-4在第41天达到降解稳定期,去除率平均值为33.11%±4.87%(n=17)。研究结果表明BP-4在环境中的降解能力有限,在本模拟方法试验条件下只能部分降解。